Immune Defence
Built to defend.
Immune Defence
What's happening
The immune system runs on year-round nutrient inputs. Not panic supplements at the first sign of illness. UK winters are six months of effectively zero endogenous vitamin D synthesis at our latitude. Vitamin D status in UK adults sits at the low end of the population distribution. The Martineau 2017 BMJ individual-participant-data meta-analysis (25 RCTs, 11,321 participants) found daily/weekly vitamin D supplementation reduced the odds of at least one acute respiratory tract infection vs placebo. The headline effect was 12% overall, stronger in baseline-deficient adults receiving daily (not bolus) dosing. Zinc is required for T-cell receptor coupling and NK-cell function. Vitamin C at 500 mg sits above the plasma-saturation plateau Padayatty characterised. Selenium incorporates into the glutathione peroxidases that protect immune cells from oxidative load.
Evidence. Peer-reviewed, PubMed-verified
Vitamin D3. Martineau IPD meta-analysis of 25 RCTs, n=11,321 (Martineau 2017, BMJ); Holick NEJM canonical (Holick 2007, N Engl J Med); Pludowski multi-system review (Pludowski 2013, Autoimmun Rev). [GB-NHC] Vitamin D contributes to the normal function of the immune system (≥1.5 µg/day; Rōnin 50 µg).
Vitamin C. Carr & Maggini immune-function review (Carr 2017, Nutrients); Padayatty pharmacokinetics RCT (Padayatty 2004, Ann Intern Med); Michels & Frei methodology review (Michels 2013, Nutrients). [GB-NHC] Vitamin C contributes to the normal function of the immune system · reduction of tiredness and fatigue (≥15 mg/day; Rōnin 500 mg).
Zinc. Haase & Rink immune signalling (Haase 2014, BioFactors); Wessels gatekeeper review (Wessels 2017, Nutrients). [GB-NHC] Zinc contributes to the normal function of the immune system (≥1.5 mg/day; Rōnin 16 mg).
Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086. Baron viral-challenge immune-response RCT (Baron 2009, Postgrad Med); Jäger exercise-induced muscle damage RCT (Jäger 2016, PeerJ).
Full register: /pages/research.
How Rōnin addresses it
| Ingredient | Dose | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamin D3 | 2,000 IU | Algae-derived; [GB-NHC] normal immune system function |
| Vitamin C | 500mg | Above plasma-saturation plateau; [GB-NHC] immune + tiredness/fatigue |
| Zinc Bisglycinate | 16mg elemental | [GB-NHC] normal immune function · cognitive function |
| NAC | 600mg | Cysteine prodrug for glutathione synthesis; intracellular antioxidant |
| Selenium | 100µg | L-selenomethionine; [GB-NHC] immune function + oxidative protection |
| Bacillus coagulans GBI-30 | 2B CFU | End-of-life potency; strain-specific RCT evidence |
| Mixed Carotenoids (Vit A) | 750µg RAE | Dunaliella salina; [GB-NHC] immune function + mucous membranes |
All ingredients listed are included in the Rōnin Daily Formula at the stated doses. One daily scoop.