Vitamin C

500mg

6× the UK NRV. Water-soluble antioxidant essential for collagen synthesis, immune cell function, and non-haem iron absorption. The most-studied vitamin in clinical nutrition.

Category Cardiovascular
Dose 500mg
Form L-Ascorbic Acid - pharmaceutical grade
Evidence Level Strong - extensive human data

Mechanism

Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) is a cofactor for prolyl hydroxylase and lysyl hydroxylase - the enzymes required for collagen cross-linking into its stable triple-helix structure. Without vitamin C, newly synthesised collagen is degraded before it can be incorporated into tissue; this is the direct mechanism underlying scurvy.

In the immune system, vitamin C accumulates in neutrophils to 20-100× plasma levels, protecting these cells from their own oxidant output during phagocytosis. At 500mg, this formula targets the tissue saturation level established in pharmacokinetic studies - 6× the UK NRV of 80mg.

Key Benefits

  • Essential cofactor for collagen synthesis and structural integrity
  • Primary water-soluble antioxidant in plasma and cells
  • Supports neutrophil and immune cell function
  • Enhances non-haem iron absorption by up to 6×
  • 6× UK NRV - dosed at tissue saturation level

The Research

Peer-reviewed human trials supporting this ingredient at this dose.

Carr AC, Maggini S. (2017). Nutrients. 9(11):1211.Vitamin C and Immune Function.PubMed →
Padayatty SJ, et al. (2004). Ann Intern Med. 140(7):533-7.Vitamin C pharmacokinetics: implications for oral and intravenous use.PubMed →
Michels AJ, Frei B. (2013). Nutrients. 5(12):5161-92.Myths, artifacts and fatal flaws: identifying limitations and opportunities in vitamin C research.PubMed →
In the formula

Vitamin C

500mg

L-Ascorbic Acid - pharmaceutical grade

When to take it

Any time, with or without food. Water-soluble - excess is excreted. Split dosing (2 × 250mg) may improve plasma retention.