Manganese Bisglycinate

Manganese is an essential cofactor for manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) - the primary antioxidant enzyme in the mitochondrial matrix, responsible for neutralising superoxide radicals produced as a byproduct of oxidative phosphorylation. Without adequate MnSOD activity, mitochondrial DNA - which lacks histones and efficient repair systems - is particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage.

Manganese is also required for arginase (converting arginine to urea in the hepatic urea cycle), pyruvate carboxylase (the first committed step in gluconeogenesis), and glycosyltransferases involved in bone matrix proteoglycan synthesis. Bisglycinate chelation significantly improves bioavailability by preventing competitive inhibition from the dietary iron and calcium that limit inorganic manganese absorption.