Choline Bitartrate

~411mg choline

Delivers 411mg choline - above the EFSA Adequate Intake of 400mg/day in a single ingredient. Essential precursor to acetylcholine (memory, muscle control) and the most abundant phospholipid in cell membranes.

Category Greens
Dose ~411mg choline
Form Crystalline - ?98% choline bitartrate
Evidence Level Strong - EFSA approved health claims

Mechanism

Choline is an essential nutrient that serves three distinct physiological roles: as the direct precursor to acetylcholine (the neurotransmitter governing voluntary muscle control and hippocampal memory formation); as a methyl group donor in one-carbon metabolism alongside folate and B12; and as the structural backbone of phosphatidylcholine, the most abundant phospholipid in all cell membranes.

UK dietary surveys (NDNS) consistently show that a significant proportion of adults fall below the EFSA Adequate Intake of 400mg/day - dietary choline is found primarily in egg yolks, liver, and fatty fish, foods consumed in declining quantities. At 411mg choline per serving, this formula exceeds the AI in a single ingredient.

Key Benefits

  • Essential precursor to acetylcholine (memory and voluntary muscle)
  • Key methyl group donor in one-carbon metabolism
  • Structural component of all cell membranes (phosphatidylcholine)
  • 411mg choline exceeds EFSA Adequate Intake of 400mg/day
  • EFSA-approved health claim for normal lipid metabolism

The Research

Peer-reviewed human trials supporting this ingredient at this dose.

Zeisel SH, da Costa KA. (2009). Nutr Rev. 67(11):615-23.Choline: an essential nutrient for public health.PubMed →
Wallace TC, et al. (2018). J Am Coll Nutr. 37(1):1-13.Choline: the underconsumed and underappreciated essential nutrient.PubMed →
In the formula

Choline Bitartrate

~411mg choline

Crystalline - ?98% choline bitartrate

When to take it

Any time of day. Choline is water-soluble and well-absorbed at all times. Consistent daily intake matters more than timing.