COGNITIVE FUNCTION & STRESS RESPONSE - RŌNIN V4.1
Why ~411mg choline of Choline?
Delivers 411mg choline - above the EFSA Adequate Intake of 400mg/day in a single ingredient. Essential precursor to acetylcholine (memory, muscle control) and the most abundant phospholipid in cell membranes.
- CATEGORY
- Greens
- DOSE
- ~411mg choline
- FORM
- Crystalline - ≥98% choline bitartrate
- EVIDENCE LEVEL
- Strong - EFSA approved health claims
How Choline works
Choline is an essential nutrient that serves three distinct physiological roles: as the direct precursor to acetylcholine (the neurotransmitter governing voluntary muscle control and hippocampal memory formation); as a methyl group donor in one-carbon metabolism alongside folate and B12; and as the structural backbone of phosphatidylcholine, the most abundant phospholipid in all cell membranes.
UK dietary surveys (NDNS) consistently show that a significant proportion of adults fall below the EFSA Adequate Intake of 400mg/day - dietary choline is found primarily in egg yolks, liver, and fatty fish, foods consumed in declining quantities. At 411mg choline per serving, this formula exceeds the AI in a single ingredient.
Key benefits
- Essential precursor to acetylcholine (memory and voluntary muscle)
- Key methyl group donor in one-carbon metabolism
- Structural component of all cell membranes (phosphatidylcholine)
- 411mg choline exceeds EFSA Adequate Intake of 400mg/day
- EFSA-approved health claim for normal lipid metabolism
The researchGB-NHC
Peer-reviewed human trials supporting this ingredient at this dose.
- Choline: an essential nutrient for public health.PubMed →
- Choline: the underconsumed and underappreciated essential nutrient.PubMed →
- Choline and betaine concentrations in plasma discriminate levels of dietary choline intake in healthy adults.PubMed →
IN THE FORMULA
Choline
~411mg choline
Bitartrate
WHEN TO TAKE IT
Any time of day. Choline is water-soluble and well-absorbed at all times. Consistent daily intake matters more than timing.