Why 2mg of Copper?

How Copper works

Copper is an obligate cofactor for several critical enzymes: ceruloplasmin (which oxidises Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺ for iron transport in plasma); cytochrome c oxidase (the terminal enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, Complex IV); Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (the primary cytoplasmic antioxidant enzyme); and lysyl oxidase (required for collagen and elastin cross-linking in connective tissue).

The 16:1 zinc-to-copper ratio in this formula (16mg zinc : 1mg copper) reflects the physiological balance in which these competing minerals must be provided. High-dose zinc supplementation in isolation - a common pattern in zinc-only supplements - significantly impairs copper absorption and can produce copper deficiency over time.

Key benefits

• Cofactor for cytochrome c oxidase (mitochondrial Complex IV)
• Required for iron transport via ceruloplasmin
• Component of Cu/Zn-SOD - primary cytoplasmic antioxidant enzyme
• Balanced with zinc at physiologically-correct 16:1 ratio
• Bisglycinate form: superior absorption, no GI irritation

The researchGB-NHC

Peer-reviewed human trials supporting this ingredient at this dose.

1. Turnlund JR. (1998). Am J Clin Nutr. 67(5 Suppl):960S-4S.Human whole-body copper metabolism.PubMed →
2. Einhorn V, et al. (2024). J Trace Elem Med Biol. 81:127362.Interaction and competition for intestinal absorption by zinc, iron, copper and manganese at the intestinal mucus layer.PubMed →
3. Bost M, et al. (2016). J Trace Elem Med Biol. 35:107-15.Dietary copper and human health: current evidence and unresolved issues.PubMed →

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