Riboflavin (B2)

2.8mg

Precursor to FMN and FAD - the flavin coenzymes that carry electrons through the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Also required to recycle oxidised glutathione back to its active form. 1.4mg = 100% NRV.

Category Micronutrients
Dose 2.8mg
Form Riboflavin - pharmaceutical grade
Evidence Level Strong - EFSA approved health claims

Mechanism

Riboflavin is converted in the body to flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) - the flavin coenzymes required by the mitochondrial electron transport chain at Complexes I and II. These coenzymes carry electrons from NADH and FADH2 into the chain, driving the proton gradient that powers ATP synthase.

Critically, riboflavin is also required for glutathione reductase - the enzyme that regenerates reduced glutathione (GSH) from oxidised glutathione (GSSG). Without adequate FAD, the entire glutathione antioxidant cycle slows - directly linking riboflavin status to the effectiveness of the NAC and alpha-lipoic acid in this formula.

Key Benefits

  • Precursor to FMN and FAD - required for electron transport chain
  • Enables glutathione recycling via glutathione reductase
  • Required for fatty acid beta-oxidation
  • Supports red blood cell production
  • 1.4mg = 100% NRV

The Research

Peer-reviewed human trials supporting this ingredient at this dose.

Powers HJ. (2003). Am J Clin Nutr. 77(6):1352-60.Riboflavin (vitamin B-2) and health.PubMed →
Gnaiger E. (2024). J Biol Chem. 300(2):105663.Complex II ambiguities. FADH₂ in the electron transfer system.PubMed →
Bogataj Jontez N, et al. (2024). Nutrients. 16(11):1611.Does dietary supplement use increase micronutrient intake adequacy in healthy adults with habitual diets?PubMed →
In the formula

Riboflavin (B2)

2.8mg

Riboflavin - pharmaceutical grade

When to take it

Any time of day with food. Riboflavin is light-sensitive; keep the formula away from direct sunlight. Urine turns bright yellow - this is normal and harmless.